1. Introduction to R
R is positioned first as an open source analytical environment and as a programming language with its own working model. The section covers installation, the role of RStudio and orientation in its interface, giving the technical foundation needed for later work with code and data.
- specifics of open source software,
- installation of the R program,
- familiarization with RStudio,
- R as a programming language,
- RStudio interface.
2. Data processing
Working in the console and in scripts is combined with practical data manipulation tasks, so operational habits develop together with syntax. The section includes workspace and working directory management, object persistence, package handling, help usage, and conditional selection of rows or creation of columns.
- selection of elements,
- creating columns,
- selection of rows based on conditions.
- entering commands into the console,
- writing scripts,
- working directory,
- workspace,
- deleting, saving and loading objects,
- loading code from a file,
- searching for, installing and loading packages,
- using help.
3. Data analysis
Basic statistical summaries in R are introduced through measures and outputs commonly used at the start of exploratory work. Participants calculate mean and sum, then build frequency tables to describe distributions and obtain compact numerical views of the data under analysis.
- mean,
- sum,
- frequency table.
4. Functions for data management
Core inspection and housekeeping functions such as class(), str(), dim() and head() are used to verify object structure and quickly assess data content. The section also includes rm(), which supports workspace cleanup and helps manage objects during iterative work with scripts and datasets.
- class(),
- str(),
- rm(),
- dim(),
- head().
5. Data import/export
Reliable exchange of files is treated as a necessary part of everyday analytical work in R. The section focuses on moving data between the environment and external sources, so imported datasets keep a usable structure and exported results can be further processed or shared without loss of clarity.
6. Vectors
At the vector level, participants work with the fundamental data structure behind many R operations. The material covers type checking and conversion, hierarchy of types, text processing with string tools, logical and numeric vectors, factors, dates and practical handling of missing values.
- object (data) structures,
- types of vectors, checking, conversion, type hierarchy,
- operations on text vectors (string package),
- operations on logical value vectors,
- operations on numerical vectors,
- missing data,
- factors,
- operations on dates.
7. Objects containing data
Matrices, lists and data frames form the basis for storing structured information in R, so the section explains when each object type is appropriate. It also introduces the *apply family for repetitive operations and covers import from and export to text-based data files.
- matrices,
- lists,
- automating functions from the *apply family,
- data frame: data.frame,
- importing and exporting to text data.
8. Packages used for data processing: dplyr and data.table
dplyr and data.table are used here to show two common approaches to working with tabular data in R. Alongside the tidy data concept, the section addresses browsing data frames, handling missing values and selecting rows through filtering or sampling depending on the analytical need.
- the philosophy of tidy data,
- data frame in the dplyr and data.table packages,
- browsing data,
- the problem of missing data,
- selecting rows (filtering, sampling).
9. Operations on data
Creating variables, grouping records and arranging rows are presented as core steps in reshaping data for further analysis. The section also covers summaries, joins between datasets and practical comparison of execution speed across packages when the same task is implemented in different ways.
- creating new variables,
- grouping data,
- sorting,
- summarizing,
- joining data sets,
- comparing code execution speed using different packages.
10. Training summary
The closing part consolidates the full workflow of data handling in R, from environment setup and object management to transformation and basic analysis. It also helps connect base mechanisms with dplyr and data.table so participants can place individual techniques in one coherent process.