1. A few words of introduction about the MS Azure platform
Before working with Azure SQL components, it is useful to place them within the broader Microsoft ecosystem. The section gives a concise orientation to the MS Azure platform, its role, and the environment in which database services are provisioned and managed.
2. Advantages and possibilities of using the Azure cloud
Azure cloud adoption is often driven by a need for flexible infrastructure and database service options. This part outlines the main capabilities and practical advantages of using Azure, providing the context for later work with SQL solutions in the platform.
3. Basics of relational databases
Relational thinking begins with understanding how data is organized and linked. The section introduces tables, rows, columns and tuples, then explains relationships, integrity, normalization, and the role of primary and foreign keys in connecting tables correctly.
- relationships, data integrity, data normalization,
- table, row, column,
- tuple,
- primary and foreign key and relationships between tables.
4. Creating efficient and stable databases in the Azure service
In Azure SQL, a stable environment starts with correct service configuration and controlled access. Participants create a database, configure a server-level IP firewall, connect and run queries, then clean up resources to manage the lifecycle of a cloud database setup.
- creating a database,
- creating an IP firewall at the server level,
- connecting to the database,
- executing queries against the database,
- cleaning up resources.
5. Managing SQL database servers and single databases by using the Transact-SQL language
Administrative tasks can be handled directly in Transact-SQL instead of relying only on graphical tools. This section focuses on managing SQL database servers and individual databases through scripts, giving participants a language-based approach to routine operational control.
6. Fundamentals of T-SQL query syntax – basic principles of writing queries in T-SQL
SELECT statements form the core of T-SQL query writing and result shaping. The section combines source definition with FROM, row filtering through WHERE, grouping and HAVING, sorting with ORDER BY, TOP selection, and set-based operations used to combine result sets.
- selection statements using the keyword SELECT,
- specification of sources and the relationships between them – FROM,
- use of the WHERE clause to select the required rows,
- grouping records using GROUP BY,
- filtering groups using the HAVING statement,
- sorting the result – ORDER BY,
- selecting the first n rows (TOP),
- combining data using the apparatus of set theory.
7. Working with subqueries – how to create and optimize subqueries
Subqueries help solve selection problems that are difficult to express with a single flat statement. The training covers nested and correlated subqueries as well as the EXISTS operator, with focus on constructing them correctly and improving their efficiency.
- nested subqueries,
- correlated subqueries,
- EXISTS operator.
8. Variables – creating variables, assigning values, and their use in loops and conditions
When query logic needs intermediate state, variables become a basic control mechanism. This part addresses declaring and assigning values for use in loops and conditions, while also touching on scalar and table-oriented elements connected with DECLARE-based work.
- creating and modifying scalar functions,
- table-valued (DECLARE).
9. Available data types
Data types in T-SQL define how values are stored, interpreted and processed. The section reviews numeric, text, date and time, XML, and less common types such as hierarchyid and cursor, with emphasis on selecting suitable representations for different kinds of data.
- numeric (tinyint, smallint, int, bigint),
- text (char, varchar, nchar, ntext, nvarchar),
- date and time (datetime, smalldatetime),
- XML (Extensible Markup Language),
- other (e.g. hierarchyid, cursor).
10. Control instructions enabling control of program flow
Controlling execution flow in T-SQL makes scripts and procedural logic responsive to conditions and repetition. Participants use IF for branching decisions and examine loop constructs such as LOOP, WHILE and FOR to manage iterative processing in database code.
- conditional instruction IF,
- loops (LOOP, WHILE, FOR).
11. Relational databases
At the database design stage, structure has to balance consistency with practical access patterns. The section walks through creating a relational database and compares normalization with denormalization, including the advantages and trade-offs of each approach.
- the process of creating a database,
- normalization – advantages and disadvantages,
- denormalization – advantages and disadvantages.
12. Characteristics of tables – different types of tables, their properties and structure
Depending on scope and lifetime, not every table serves the same purpose in SQL environments. The training explains temporary and global tables, focusing on their structure, visibility and practical use when data must be stored only for a session or shared more broadly.
13. Table construction – how to properly create tables that will meet the performance and structural requirements of the application
Table design determines both structural correctness and application performance. This section covers creating and dropping tables, identity-based row numbering, data type selection, joins such as INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN, and integrity constraints used to enforce valid relationships.
- creating (CREATE) and deleting (DROP) tables,
- auto-numbering of rows,
- types of data types,
- joining tables (INNER JOIN, OUTER JOIN),
- constraints (integrity constraints).
14. Working with data in databases
Day-to-day database work often centers on modifying existing records safely and precisely. Here the focus is on INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements, with attention to how data is added, changed and removed in a controlled way within relational structures.
- inserting data – INSERT,
- updating data – UPDATE,
- deleting data – DELETE.
15. Differences between procedures and functions
Choosing between procedures and functions affects how database logic is designed and executed. This part clarifies the practical and technical differences between both constructs, helping participants decide which approach fits a given task, result type, and usage context in T-SQL.
16. Stored procedures
Stored procedures organize repeatable database logic into reusable server-side units. The section explains where procedures are applied, how their structure is built, and how to create them so that execution logic can be encapsulated and maintained in a clear form.
- application,
- general structure of a stored procedure,
- creating a procedure.
17. Transactions – transaction management in SQL
Reliable data changes depend on correct transaction handling in SQL. Participants work with the ACID model, then move to implementation patterns and error handling so that operations remain consistent, recoverable, and controlled when a statement or process fails.
- theoretical basis (ACID principle),
- implementation examples,
- error management.
18. Triggers – how to define triggers, manage them, and use them to ensure data integrity
Triggers in T-SQL are used to react automatically to changes and schema operations. The section distinguishes DML triggers for INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE from DDL triggers for CREATE, ALTER and DROP, and shows how both support integrity rules directly at the database level.
- DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE),
- DDL (CREATE, ALTER, DROP).